We present a comprehensive case study of implementing Outcome-Based Education (OBE) in the “Number Theory and Combinatorics" course for computer science majors. By systematically aligning curriculum design, assessment methods, and teaching strategies with clearly defined learning outcomes, we show the case how OBE principles can be effectively operationalized in STEM education. The reform integrates advanced computational technologies—including self-developed knowledge graphs for conceptual structuring and data-driven visualization tools for performance analytics. Through multi-dimensional assessment and active learning initiatives, students are transformed from passive recipients into active co-creators of the educational process.